Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks

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Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks

DESCRIPTION

Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor Networks

    In this book, the authors describe the fundamental concepts and practical aspects of wireless sensor networks. The book provides a comprehensive view to this rapidly evolving field, including its many novel applications, ranging from protecting civil infrastructure to pervasive health monitoring. Using detailed examples and illustrations, this book provides an inside track on the current state of the technology. The book is divided into three parts. In Part I, several node architectures, applications and operating systems are discussed. In Part II, the basic architectural frameworks, including the key building blocks required for constructing large-scale, energy-efficient sensor networks are presented. In Part III, the challenges and approaches pertaining to local and global management strategies are presented – this includes topics on power management, sensor node localization, time synchronization, and security. At the end of each chapter, the authors provide practical exercises to help students strengthen their grip on the subject. There are more than 200 exercises altogether.

Key Features:

Offers a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical and practical concepts pertaining to wireless sensor networks

Explains the constraints and challenges of wireless sensor network design; and discusses the most promising solutions

Provides an in-depth treatment of the most critical technologies for sensor network communications, power management, security, and programming

Reviews the latest research results in sensor network design, and demonstrates how the individual components fit together to build complex sensing systems for a variety of application scenarios

Includes an accompanying website containing solutions to exercises

An Engineer’s View of Human Error

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Series Editors xv

Preface xvii

Part One: INTRODUCTION

1 Motivation for a Network of Wireless Sensor Nodes 3

1.1 Definitions and Background 4

1.2 Challenges and Constraints 9

2 Applications 17

2.1 Structural Health Monitoring 17

2.2 Traffic Control 26

2.3 Health Care 30

2.4 Pipeline Monitoring 35

2.5 Precision Agriculture 36

2.6 Active Volcano 38

2.7 Underground Mining 40

3 Node Architecture 47

3.1 The Sensing Subsystem 48

3.2 The Processor Subsystem 51

3.3 Communication Interfaces 58

3.4 Prototypes 62

4 Operating Systems 69

4.1 Functional Aspects 70

4.2 Nonfunctional Aspects 73

4.3 Prototypes 75

4.4 Evaluation 88

Part Two: BASIC ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK

5 Physical Layer 95

5.1 Basic Components 95

5.2 Source Encoding 96

5.3 Channel Encoding 101

5.4 Modulation 106

6 Medium Access Control 125

6.1 Overview 125

6.2 Wireless MAC Protocols 128

6.3 Characteristics of MAC Protocols in Sensor Networks 133

6.4 Contention-Free MAC Protocols 135

6.5 Contention-Based MAC Protocols 144

6.6 Hybrid MAC Protocols 154

6.7 Summary 157

7 Network Layer 163

7.1 Overview 163

7.2 Routing Metrics 165

7.3 Flooding and Gossiping 168

7.4 Data-Centric Routing 170

7.5 Proactive Routing 176

7.6 On-Demand Routing 178

7.7 Hierarchical Routing 180

7.8 Location-Based Routing 183

7.9 QoS-Based Routing Protocols 192

7.10 Summary 196

Part Three: NODE AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT

8 Power Management 207

8.1 Local Power Management Aspects 208

8.2 Dynamic Power Management 216

8.3 Conceptual Architecture 222

9 Time Synchronization 229

9.1 Clocks and the Synchronization Problem 229

9.2 Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks 231

9.3 Basics of Time Synchronization 234

9.4 Time Synchronization Protocols 237

10 Localization 249

10.1 Overview 249

10.2 Ranging Techniques 250

10.3 Range-Based Localization 252

10.4 Range-Free Localization 258

10.5 Event-Driven Localization 262

11 Security 267

11.1 Fundamentals of Network Security 267

11.2 Challenges of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks 269

11.3 Security Attacks in Sensor Networks 270

11.4 Protocols and Mechanisms for Security 274

11.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Security 280

11.6 Summary 281

12 Sensor Network Programming 285

12.1 Challenges in Sensor Network Programming 285

12.2 Node-Centric Programming 286

12.3 Macroprogramming 293

12.4 Dynamic Reprogramming 295

12.5 Sensor Network Simulators 297

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