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Centrifugal pump
Introduction
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| Working of Centrifugal pump |
Centrifugal pump is a hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by the use of centrifugal force acting on the fluid. These are the most popular and commonly used type of pumps for the transfer of fluids from low level to high level. Its is used in places like agriculture, municipal (water and wastewater plants), industrial, power generation plants, petroleum, mining, chemical, pharmaceutical and many others.
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The Main parts of Centrifugal Pump are:
1. Impeller
It is a wheel or rotor which is provided with a series of backward curved blades or vanes. It is mounded on the shaft which is coupled to an external source of energy which imparts the liquid energy to the impeller there by making it to rotate
Impellers are divided into 3 types,
- Open Impeller
- Semi enclosed Impeller
- Enclosed Impeller
2. Casing
It is a pipe which is connected at the upper end to the inlet of the pump to the centre of impeller which is commonly known as eye. The double end reaction pump consists of two suction pipe connected to the eye from both sides. The lower end dips into liquid in to lift. The lower end is fitted in to foot valve and strainer.
Commonly three types of casing are used in centrifugal pump,
- Volute Casing
- Vortex Casing
- Casing with Guide Blades
3. Delivery Pipe
It is a pipe which is connected at its lower end to the out let of the pump and it delivers the liquid to the required height. Near the outlet of the pump on the delivery pipe, a valve is provided which controls the flow from the pump into delivery pipe.
4. Suction Pipe with Foot Valve and Strainer
suction pipe is connected with the inlet of the impeller and the other end is dipped into the sump of water. At the water end, it consists of foot value and strainer. The foot valve is a one way valve that opens in the upward direction. The strainer is used to filter the unwanted particle present in the water to prevent the centrifugal pump from blockage.
Working of Centrifugal Pump
The first step in the operation of a centrifugal pump is priming. Priming is the operation in which suction pipe casing of the pump and the position of fluid with the liquid which is to be pumped so that all the air from the position of pump is driven out and no air is left. The necessity of priming of a centrifugal pump is due to the fact that the pressure generated at the centrifugal pump impeller is directly proportional to density of fluid that is in contact with it.
After the pump is primed the delivery valve is still kept closed and electric motor is started to rotate the impeller. The delivery valve is kept closed in order to reduce valve is opened the liquid is made to flow in an outward radial direction there by vanes of impeller at the outer circumference with high velocity at outer circumference due to centrifugal action vacuum is created. This cause liquid from sump to rush through suction pipe to eye of impeller thereby replacing long discharge from center circumference of the impeller is utilized in lifting liquid to required height through delivery pipe.
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Working of Centrifugal pump
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