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Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Fundamentals
Introduction
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| Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Fundamentals |
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning, HVAC, is a huge field. HVAC systems include a range from the simplest hand-stoked stove, used for comfort heating, to the extremely reliable total air-conditioning systems found in submarines and space shuttles. Cooling equipment varies from the small domestic unit to refrigeration machines that are 10,000 times the size, which are used in industrial processes.
Depending on the complexity of the requirements, the HVAC designer must consider many more issues than simply keeping temperatures comfortable. This chapter will introduce you to the fundamental concepts that are used by designers to make decisions about system design, operation, and maintenance.
HVAC Design Manual
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Introduction to Air-conditioning Processes
1. Heating
The process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the conditioned space for the purposes of raising or maintaining the temperature of the space.
2. Cooling
The process of removing thermal energy (heat) from the conditioned space for the purposes of lowering or maintaining the temperature of the space.
3. Humidifying
The process of adding water vapor (moisture) to the air in the conditioned space for the purposes of raising or maintaining the moisture content of the air.
4. Dehumidifying
The process of removing water vapor (moisture) from the air in the conditioned space for the purposes of lowering or maintaining the moisture content of the air.
5. Cleaning
The process of removing particulates, (dust etc.,) and biological contaminants, (insects, pollen etc.,) from the air delivered to the conditioned
6. Ventilating
The process of exchanging air between the outdoors and the conditioned space for the purposes of diluting the gaseous contaminants in the air and improving or maintaining air quality, composition and freshness. Ventilation can be achieved either through natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation.
7. Air Movement
The process of circulating and mixing air through conditioned spaces in the building for the purposes of achieving the proper ventilation and facilitating the thermal energy transfer.
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction to HVAC 1
Study Objectives of Chapter 1 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Brief History of HVAC 2
1.3 Scope of Modern HVAC 3
1.4 Introduction to Air-conditioning Processes 3
1.5 Objective: What is your system to achieve? 4
1.6 Environment For Human Comfort
2 Introduction to HVAC Systems 10
Study Objectives of Chapter 2 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Introducing the Psychrometric Chart 11
2.3 Basic Air-Conditioning System 20
2.4 Zoned Air-Conditioning Systems 23
2.5 Choosing an Air-Conditioning System 26
2.6 System Choice Matrix
3 Thermal Comfort 32
Study Objectives of Chapter 3 32
3.1 Introduction: What is Thermal Comfort? 32
3.2 Seven Factors Influencing Thermal Comfort 33
3.3 Conditions for Comfort 36
3.4 Managing Under Less Than Ideal Conditions 39
3.5 Requirements of Non-Standard Groups
4 Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality 43
Study Objectives of Chapter 4 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 Air Pollutants and Contaminants 44
4.3 Indoor Air Quality Effects on Health and Comfort 45
4.4 Controlling Indoor Air Quality 47
4.5 ASHRAE Standard 62 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
5 Zones 60
Study Objectives of Chapter 5 60
5.1 Introduction 60
5.2 What is a Zone? 61
5.3 Zoning Design 62
5.4 Controlling the Zone
6 Single Zone Air Handlers and Unitary Equipment 68
Study Objectives of Chapter 6 68
6.1 Introduction 68
6.2 Examples of Buildings with Single-zone Package Air-Conditioning Units 69
6.3 Air-Handling Unit Components 70
6.4 Refrigeration Equipment 75
6.5 System Performance Requirements 80
6.6 Rooftop Units 82
6.7 Split Systems
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Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Fundamentals
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