Engineering materials and their properties

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Engineering materials and their properties

Introduction

Engineering materials and their properties

    Innovation in engineering often means the clever use of a new material new to a particular application, but not necessarily (although sometimes) new in the sense of recently developed. Plastic paper clips and ceramic turbine-blades both represent attempts to do better with polymers and ceramics what had previously been done well with metals. And engineering disasters are frequently caused by the misuse of materials. When the plastic teaspoon buckles as you stir your tea, and when a fleet of aircraft is grounded because cracks have appeared in the tail plane, it is because the engineer who designed them used the wrong materials or did not understand the properties of those used. So it is vital that the professional engineer should know how to select materials which best fit the demands of the design economic and aesthetic demands, as well as demands of strength and durability. The designer must understand the properties of materials, and their limitations

Mechanical Engineers Handbook

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Table of Contents

1. Engineering materials and their properties 

1.1 Introduction 

1.2 Examples of materials selection 

A. Price and availability 

2. The price and availability of materials 

2.1 Introduction 

2.2 Data for material prices 

2.3 The use-pattern of materials 

2.4 Ubiquitous materials 

2.5 Exponential growth and consumption doubling-time 

2.6 Resource availability 

2.7 The future 

3. The elastic moduli 

3.1 Introduction 

3.2 Definition of stress 

3.3 Definition of strain 

3.4 Hooke’s law 

3.5 Measurement of Young’s modulus 

3.6 Data for Young’s modulus 

4. Bonding between atoms 

4.1 Introduction 

4.2 Primary bonds 

4.3 Secondary bonds 

4.4 The condensed states of matter 

4.5 Interatomic forces 

5. Packing of atoms in solids 

5.1 Introduction 

5.2 Atom packing in crystals 

5.3 Close-packed structures and crystal energies

5.4 Crystallography 

5.5 Plane indices 

5.6 Direction indices 

5.7 Other simple important crystal structures 

5.8 Atom packing in polymers 

5.9 Atom packing in inorganic glasses 

5.10 The density of solids 

6. The physical basis of Young’s modulus 

6.1 Introduction 

6.2 Moduli of crystals 

6.3 Rubbers and the glass transition temperature 

6.4 Composites

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