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GUIDE FOR TRANSFORMER FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES
In order to enable transformer designers and users define and implement best practises in the domain of transformer fire, SCA2 decided to create a working group [WG A2.33] to develop recommendations for effective transformer fire safety practises.
The following areas of transformer fire safety are covered in this technical brochure, which was created by working group WG A2.33.
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Chapter 1 provides an overview of transformer fire safety considerations as well as a list of helpful standards and reference documents.
To provide a comprehensive understanding of the ideas and problems surrounding transformer fires, Chapter 2: Physics of Fires and Common Transformer Fire Scenarios.
Chapter 3: Guidance on how a transformer user would be able to gauge the likelihood of a transformer fire event happening in its population of transformers, as well as the chance of a transformer fire event occurring based on information in the public domain.
A user may be able to forecast the likely range of arcing energy, volume of gas created, and likely pressures which might be developed during an internal arcing event using the formulas and examples provided in Chapter 4. Along with some instances of pressure venting and pressure containment, the chapter also offers examples of pressure calculation models that are available for approximating calculations of the pressures that may arise during an arcing fault. Although it must be emphasised, it is not possible to guarantee with perfect confidence that the arcing energy at high energy arcing faults can be contained within the transformer tank.
Chapter 5: Offers suggestions on things to take into account when deciding what fire protection may be necessary and what should be placed at a particular site. It contains examples on factors to take into account when estimating the fire protection systems' performance as well as examples on the approaches that may be used when organising and developing a fire protection system for a transformer installation.
The alternatives for risk mitigation for the transformer are discussed in Chapter 6, which also offers some advice on how to rank them according to how effectively they reduce risk and how much risk reduction is necessary for the particular installation.
The solutions for risk mitigation for substations and other transformer installations are discussed in Chapter 7 in order to safeguard human life, maintain supply or, if that is not possible, to minimise supply loss, as well as to protect nearby machinery and equipment.
In order to minimise the consequences and losses from a fire and be able to recover from the fire as quickly as possible, Chapter 8 offers guidance on preparation and the significance of being prepared for a fire event.
Conclusions and suggestions for standards improvement for increased fire safety on tanks and cable boxes are included in Chapter 9.
TABLE OF CONTENTS IN GUIDE FOR TRANSFORMER FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Fire Physics and Typical Transformer Fire Scenarios
Chapter 3: Probability of a Transformer Fire
Chapter 4: Internal Arcing and Tank Ruptures
Chapter 5: Fire Risk and Performance Analysis
Chapter 6: Fire Risk Mitigation Options for Transformers
Chapter 7: Transformer Fire Damage Control Practices
Chapter 8: Plans for a Fire Event
Chapter 9: Conclusions and Recommendations
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GUIDE FOR TRANSFORMER FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES
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