Basic Civil Engineering

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Basic Civil Engineering

Introduction    

Basic Civil Engineering

    All engineering students should know basic civil engineering since they need interaction with civil engineers in their routine works. Hence all important aspects of civil engineering are taught as elements of civil engineering in all over the world. It covers entire syllabus on Basic Civil Engineering. The author has tried to make it students friendly by providing neat sketches and illustrations with practical problems, wherever necessary.

Traditional Materials

Stones used for civil engineering works may be classified in the following three ways: 

• Geological 

• Physical 

• Chemical

Geological Classification Based on their origin of formation stones are classified into three main groups—Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Physical Classification Based on the structure, the rocks may be classified as: Stratified rocks,  Unstratified rocks

Chemical Classification On the basis of their chemical composition engineers prefer to classify rocks as: Silicious rocks , Argillaceous rocks and Calcareous rocks

GUIDE FOR TRANSFORMER FIRE SAFETY PRACTICES

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Table of Contents 

1 TRADITIONAL MATERIALS 

1.1 Stones 3

1.2 Bricks 11

1.3 Lime 16

1.4 Cement 18

1.5 Timber 23

Questions 31

2 MORTARS 33–38

2.1 Sand 33

2.2 Cement Mortar 34

2.3 Lime Mortar 35

2.4 Mud Mortar 36

2.5 Special Mortar 37

2.6 Tests on Mortar 37

Questions 38

3 CONCRETE 39–54

3.1 Plain Concrete 39

3.2 Reinforced Cement Concrete (R.C.C.) 49

3.3 Reinforced Brick Concrete (RBC) 50

3.4 Prestressed Concrete (PSC) 50

3.5 Fibre-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) 51

3.6 Cellular Concrete 52

3.7 Ferro-Cement 52

Questions 53

4 METALS AS BUILDING MATERIALS 55–58

4.1 Ferrous Metals 55

4.2 Aluminium 57

4.3. Copper 58

Questions 58

5 MISCELLANEOUS BUILDING MATERIALS 59–69

5.1 Glass 59

5.2 Plastics 60

5.3 Bitumen 62

5.4 Asbestos 62

5.5 Paints 63

5.6 Distempers 65

5.7 Varnishes 65

5.8 Solid and Hollow Concrete Blocks 66

5.9 Roofing and Flooring Tiles 67

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