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Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design
Introduction
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| Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design |
An antenna is defined by Webster’s Dictionary as “a usually metallic device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves.” The IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms for Antennas (IEEE Std 145–1983)∗ defines the antenna or aerial as “a means for radiating or receiving radio waves.” In other words the antenna is the transitional structure between free-space and a guiding device. The guiding device or transmission line may take the form of a coaxial line or a hollow pipe (waveguide), and it is used to transport electromagnetic energy from the transmitting source to the antenna, or from the antenna to the receiver. In the former case, we have a transmitting antenna and in the latter a receiving antenna.
Types of Antennas
- Wire Antennas
- Aperture Antennas
- Microstrip Antennas
- Array Antennas
- Reflector Antennas
- Lens Antennas
Table of Contents
1 Antennas 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Types of Antennas 4
1.3 Radiation Mechanism 7
1.4 Current Distribution on a Thin Wire Antenna 17
1.5 Historical Advancement 20
1.6 Multimedia
2 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas 27
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 RadiationPattern 27
2.3 Radiation Power Density 38
2.4 Radiation Intensity 40
2.5 Beam width 42
2.6 Directivity 44
2.7 Numerical Techniques 58
2.8 Antenna Efficiency 64
2.9 Gain65
2.10 Beam Efficiency 69
2.11 Bandwidth 70
2.12 Polarization70
2.13 Input Impedance 80
2.14 Antenna Radiation Efficiency 85
2.15 Antenna Vector Effective Length and Equivalent Areas 87
3 Radiation Integrals and Auxiliary Potential Functions 133
3.1 Introduction 133
3.2 The Vector Potential A for an Electric Current Source J 135
3.3 The Vector Potential F for a Magnetic Current Source M 137
3.4 Electric and Magnetic Fields for Electric (J) and Magnetic (M) Current Sources
3.5 Solution of the Inhomogeneous Vector Potential Wave Equation 139
3.6 Far-FieldRadiation142
3.7 Duality Theorem 144
3.8 Reciprocity and Reaction Theorems 144
4 Linear Wire Antennas 151
4.1 Introduction 151
4.2 Infinitesimal Dipole 151
4.3 Small Dipole 162
4.4 Region Separation 165
4.5 Finite Length Dipole 170
4.6 Half-Wavelength Dipole 182
4.7 Linear Elements Near or on Infinite Perfect Conductors 184
4.8 Ground Effects 205
4.9 Computer Codes 214
4.10 Multimedia
5 Loop Antennas 231
5.1 Introduction 231
5.2 Small Circular Loop 232
5.3 Circular Loop of Constant Current 246
5.4 Circular Loop with Nonuniform Current 255
5.5 Ground and Earth Curvature Effects for Circular Loops 261
5.6 Polygonal Loop Antennas 263
5.7 Ferrite Loop 266
5.8 Mobile Communication Systems Applications 268
5.9 Multimedia 269
6 Arrays: Linear, Planar, and Circular 283
6.1 Introduction 283
6.2 Two-Element Array 284
6.3 N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Amplitude and Spacing 290
6.4 N-Element Linear Array: Directivity 313
6.5 Design Procedure 318
6.6 N-Element Linear Array: Three-Dimensional Characteristics 320
6.7 Rectangular-to-Polar Graphical Solution 322
6.8 N-Element Linear Array: Uniform Spacing, Nonuniform Amplitude 324
6.9 Super directivity 345
6.10 Planar Array 349
6.11 Design Considerations 362
6.12 Circular Array 365
6.13 Multimedia
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Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design
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